Expansive Evolutionary Tree of Life with Tooltips

Nucleotides (3.5 to 4 Bya) ℹ️
The last organism from which all living organisms descended; had DNA genomes, ribosomes, and metabolic pathways.
- Ribonucleic acid (RNA) (3.5 to 4 Bya) ℹ️
  The last organism from which all living organisms descended; had DNA genomes, ribosomes, and metabolic pathways.
  - Protocells ℹ️
    Aggregates like coacervates and liposomes showing early compartmentalization before true cells.
    - Coacervates
    - Liposomes
    - Microspheres
Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) ℹ️
The last organism from which all living organisms descended; had DNA genomes, ribosomes, and metabolic pathways.
- Cellular Life with DNA genome
- Ribosomes and translation machinery
- ATP-based metabolism
Archaea ℹ️
Single-celled microorganisms with distinct biochemistry and genetics, often extremophiles.
- Methanogens
- Halophiles
- Thermophiles
- Nanoarchaeota and others
Bacteria ℹ️
Single-celled organisms with peptidoglycan cell walls and diverse metabolisms, including photosynthesis.
- Cyanobacteria
- Gram-positive bacteria
- Proteobacteria
- Spirochetes
Eukaryota ℹ️
Cells with nuclei and membrane-bound organelles, evolved via endosymbiosis.
- Protists ℹ️
  Mostly unicellular eukaryotes, including algae and protozoa.
  - Alveolata
  - Euglenozoa
  - Amoebozoa
  - Stramenopiles
- Viridiplantae ℹ️
  Photosynthetic eukaryotes including land plants and green algae.
  - Chlorophyta
  - Streptophyta
- Fungi
- Metazoa